Soil conservation

To combat erosion, various strategies can be used.

Agronomic: maintain plant cover (mulching crop residues, cover crops, intercropping); adopt soil management that reduces erodibility and increases infiltration (contour tillage, raising SOM, no-till); reduce slope length with hedges, grass-strips, or grassed waterways; alter terrain via terracing.

Forestry: replace clear-cutting with strip logging or continuous cover forestry; schedule logging when soil is frozen; plan temporary roads to limit erosion.

Urbanisation: manage surface water locally — green roofs, rain beds, urban retention buffers, drainage systems.